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1. What is an ecosystem made up of?
A. Only plants
B. Only animals
C. Biotic and abiotic components
D. Only decomposers
2. Which of the following is a natural ecosystem?
A. Garden
B. Crop-field
C. Pond
D. Aquarium
3. Which organisms are called producers?
A. Herbivores
B. Green plants and certain bacteria
C. Carnivores
D. Decomposers
4. Which organisms are responsible for breaking down dead remains?
A. Producers
B. Consumers
C. Decomposers
D. Herbivores
5. In a food chain, herbivores are also called:
A. Primary consumers
B. Secondary consumers
C. Producers
D. Decomposers
6. What is the average percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next?
A. 100%
B. 50%
C. 25%
D. 10%
7. Why do food chains generally have only three or four steps?
A. Because of lack of producers
B. Because of energy loss at each step
C. Because of too many decomposers
D. Because carnivores do not survive
8. The interconnected series of food chains is called:
A. Food pyramid
B. Food cycle
C. Food web
D. Energy flow
9. Which harmful process causes toxic chemicals to accumulate at higher levels of food chains?
A. Biodegradation
B. Biological magnification
C. Photosynthesis
D. Energy flow
10. Which gas forms a protective layer against UV radiation?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Ozone
D. Nitrogen
11. Which chemicals are mainly responsible for ozone depletion?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C. Methane
D. Nitrous oxide
12. In which year did UNEP forge an agreement to freeze CFC production?
A. 1972
B. 1980
C. 1987
D. 1992
13. Substances that are broken down by biological processes are called:
A. Renewable
B. Non-biodegradable
C. Biodegradable
D. Artificial
14. Which of these is non-biodegradable?
A. Vegetable peels
B. Plastic
C. Paper
D. Wood
15. What is the main problem with non-biodegradable waste?
A. It disappears quickly
B. It persists and may harm ecosystems
C. It provides nutrients to soil
D. It increases reproduction
16. Which type of disposable cups causes loss of fertile top-soil if used on a large scale?
A. Plastic cups
B. Paper cups
C. Kulhads (clay cups)
D. Metal cups
17. Which of the following is an environment-friendly practice?
A. Using plastic bags
B. Carrying cloth-bags while shopping
C. Leaving lights on unnecessarily
D. Throwing garbage openly
18. Which type of radiation causes ozone formation?
A. Infrared radiation
B. Ultraviolet radiation
C. X-rays
D. Microwave radiation
19. What percentage of sunlight energy is captured by plants in terrestrial ecosystems?
A. 10%
B. 50%
C. 1%
D. 90%
20. Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause of concern?
A. It reduces rainfall
B. It increases UV radiation reaching Earth
C. It increases oxygen concentration
D. It reduces soil fertility
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