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1. Which process maximises the number of successful variations in a species?
A. Asexual reproduction
B. Binary fission
C. Sexual reproduction
D. Vegetative propagation
2. In asexually reproducing organisms, variations mainly arise due to:
A. Gene recombination
B. Environmental effects
C. DNA copying inaccuracies
D. Mutation only
3. The process of inheritance provides:
A. Entirely new body designs
B. No variations
C. Common basic design with subtle changes
D. Only mutations
4. In Mendel’s experiments, when tall and short pea plants were crossed, all F1 progeny were:
A. Short
B. Tall
C. Medium height
D. Absent
5. Which term describes traits like tallness that mask the effect of the other trait?
A. Recessive
B. Dominant
C. Hybrid
D. Neutral
6. Traits like shortness in pea plants are called:
A. Dominant traits
B. Neutral traits
C. Recessive traits
D. Hybrid traits
7. According to Mendel, how many copies of each gene are present in sexually reproducing organisms?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
8. In F2 generation of Mendel’s monohybrid cross, the ratio of tall to short plants is:
A. 2:1
B. 1:2:1
C. 3:1
D. 9:3:3:1
9. A section of DNA that provides information for a protein is called:
A. Chromosome
B. Gene
C. Trait
D. Factor
10. Plant height is influenced by:
A. Soil type only
B. Hormones
C. Temperature only
D. Minerals only
11. Which structure carries two copies of each gene in cells?
A. Ribosome
B. Chromosome
C. Protein
D. Nucleus
12. Germ cells differ from normal body cells because they contain:
A. Double gene sets
B. One gene set
C. Four gene sets
D. No gene sets
13. The independent pieces of DNA carrying genes are called:
A. Chromosomes
B. Ribosomes
C. Hormones
D. Traits
14. The recombination of germ cells during fertilisation restores:
A. One gene set
B. Half chromosomes
C. Normal number of chromosomes
D. Different species
15. In human beings, the number of pairs of autosomes is:
A. 21
B. 22
C. 23
D. 24
16. The sex chromosomes in a human female are:
A. XY
B. YY
C. XX
D. XO
17. The sex chromosomes in a human male are:
A. XX
B. XY
C. YY
D. XO
18. In human reproduction, all children inherit which chromosome from the mother?
A. X only
B. Y only
C. Both X and Y
D. None
19. The sex of a child in humans is determined by:
A. Mother’s contribution
B. Father’s contribution
C. Environmental conditions
D. Hormones only
20. A child who inherits X chromosome from father will be:
A. Boy
B. Girl
C. Both
D. None
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